Neurofeedback works by providing individuals with real-time information about their brainwave patterns and training them to self-regulate these patterns for improved cognitive and emotional functioning.
Brainwave Monitoring:
- Electrodes are placed on the scalp to measure the electrical activity of the brain. This activity is recorded through an electroencephalogram (EEG).
- Different types of brainwaves are identified, including beta (associated with alertness), alpha (associated with relaxation), theta (associated with daydreaming or meditation), and delta (associated with deep sleep).
Feedback Mechanism:
- The recorded brainwave patterns are processed and presented to the individual in real-time through visual or auditory feedback. This feedback could be in the form of changes in the display of a video game, alterations in a movie, or variations in sounds.
- For example, if the goal is to increase alpha waves for relaxation, the individual might receive positive feedback (such as a more pleasant visual or auditory experience) when their brain produces more alpha waves.
Self-Regulation Training:
- The individual is encouraged to consciously modify their mental state to achieve the desired feedback. This could involve practicing relaxation techniques, focusing attention, or adopting specific mental strategies.
- Over time, the person learns to associate certain mental states with the desired feedback, essentially training their brain to produce more desirable patterns.
Repetition and Learning:
- Through repeated sessions, the brain is believed to learn and adapt, leading to more consistent and desirable brainwave patterns.
- The ultimate goal is for the individual to generalize these self-regulation skills to real-world situations outside the neurofeedback sessions.
Targeted Applications:
- Neurofeedback is used for various purposes, such as improving attention and focus, reducing anxiety and stress, addressing mood disorders, and enhancing overall cognitive and emotional well-being.